TERMINOLOGY
Т-1 transit declaration
Т-1 transit declaration must accompany (within the EC) all good of non-European origin (e.g., from the USA, Asia, etc.) as well as shipments from European customs warehouses.
Т-1 declaration for the goods delivered by land is issued on the EC border if the goods are brought from outside the EC; or by the consignor/consignor’s agent/forwarding agent if the goods are brought from the customs warehouse inside the EC.
For the goods delivered by air/sea from the countries outside the EC, Т-1 is issued directly at the air/port of entry by the authorized agent. If the goods have been shipped by plane from a EC country and require a T-1, the declaration must be provided by the consignor/forwarder, or the goods must be accompanied by an air consignment note with a special mark.
Т-1 declaration is based on an invoice and a packing list.
EX-1 – export declaration
Export declaration EX-1 for the goods produced and sold from the EU is a conventional international document that confirms export of the goods. This declaration must accompany the cargo to the final destination. The EU customs officers stamp the form as proof of export. The original of the declaration with the stamp is sent to the consignor, which allows the consignor to sell the goods without paying VAT.
At the same time, it allows the buyer to avoid payment of VAT when leaving Europe.
Air consignment note
Air consignment note is a group of documents on transportation of goods by air which consists of three originals and nine copies (in case of a typical consignment note) or of three originals and 6 to 11 copies (in case of a main air consignment note).
Air consignment note contains all the necessary information for each of the operators of air freight transportation. For example, it specifies the details for the names and addresses of the consignor, the consignee, the carrier, freight rate, etc. Air consignment note also contains data fields on the completion of delivery and its accuracy that must be filled out by the consignee; and data fields for the information on the receipt of goods. Characteristics of the goods are included – weight, dimensions, marking, number, description, handling instructions, declared value for carriage, information on payment of charges and as to which of the parties is responsible for it.
Bill of Lading
A Bill of Lading is a shipping document (and at the same time a document of title!) used in sea transportations or transportations using sea transport. A Bill of Lading is a document issued by a carrier to a consignor to acknowledge the acceptance of goods for sea transportation with the obligation to deliver the cargo to the port of destination and transfer it to the legal holder of the Bill of Lading. Since the Bill of Lading is a document of title, by mercantile custom, the possession of the bill is in many respects equivalent to the possession of the goods, and the transfer of the Bill of Lading has normally the same effect as the delivery of the goods themselves. As a rule, three or more copies of the Bill of Lading with the same content and date: for the consignor or his forwarder, or the consignee and the owner of the cargo. All copies of the Bill of Lading that constitute the so-called full-pack are deemed originals and are marked with the stamp “Original”. Only one (the first one) of the original copies is considered the document of title. Copies of the Bill of Lading are marked with the stamp “Copy” and are usually printed on the forms having a different colour from that used for the originals. If goods have been transferred according to one of the copies of the Bill of Lading, the others become invalid.
CMR road consignment note
The CMR transport document is an international consignment note, and therefore is considered to be compulsory when transporting goods internationally by road. CMR is a shipping document that confirms that a contract exists between the carrier and the consignor of the road freight. For international road transportation this document must contain the following information: shipping date, designation of cargo that is subject to transportation, carrier’s name and address, consignee’s name, time of delivery, cost of transportation. There are three copies of a CMR note: the first is kept by the consignor, the second - by the carrier, and the third travels with the goods. CMR is not a document of title and is non-negotiable.